- Botanical Name: Cannabis sativa
- Family: Cannabaceae
- Synonyms: Hemp, Marijuana, Ganja, Bhang
- Vernacular Name: Commonly known as “Bhang” or “Ganja” in Hindi, “Hemp” in English, and “Vijaya” in Sanskrit.
- Classification: An annual herbaceous flowering plant belonging to the Cannabaceae family.
- Habitat: Native to Central and South Asia, it is now cultivated worldwide. It thrives in a variety of climates, from tropical to temperate regions, and prefers well-drained soils.
- Morphology: A tall, slender plant that can grow up to 2–5 meters in height. It has palmate leaves with serrated edges, small greenish flowers, and produces seeds in clusters. Male and female flowers are borne on separate plants.
- Useful Parts: Leaves, flowers, seeds, and stems.
- Chemical Composition: Contains cannabinoids like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), along with terpenes, flavonoids, and essential fatty acids. The seeds are rich in protein and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
- Pharmacological Action: Known for its psychoactive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It is used in managing pain, anxiety, and neurological disorders. Industrial hemp is used for fiber, oil, and seeds.
- Formulation: Used in traditional remedies, modern pharmaceuticals, and industrial products. It is also consumed as an edible, oil, or in topical applications.
Rasa: Tikta
Guna: Laghu , Tikshna
Virya: Ushna
Vipaka: Katu