Shalmali
- Botanical Name: Salmalia malabarica (also known as Bombax ceiba)
- Family: Bombacaceae
- Synonyms: Semal, Simul, Indian Kapok Tree, Red Silk Cotton Tree
- Vernacular Name: Commonly known as “Semal” in Hindi, “Silk Cotton Tree” in English,
and “Ilavu” in Tamil.
- Classification: A large deciduous tree belonging to the Bombacaceae family.
- Habitat: Native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, including India, Nepal, and Sri
Lanka. It thrives in well-drained soils and is commonly found in forests and along
riverbanks.
- Morphology: A tall tree, growing up to 20–30 meters in height, with a straight trunk
covered in conical spines. The leaves are palmate, with 5–7 leaflets. The flowers are large,
cup-shaped, and bright red, blooming from January to March. The fruits are capsule-like,
containing seeds surrounded by silky fibers (kapok).
- Useful Parts: Bark, roots, flowers, fruits, and gum.
- Chemical Composition: Contains tannins, flavonoids, gallic acid, and catechins. The gum
is rich in polysaccharides, and the seeds contain fatty acids like linoleic and oleic acids.
- Pharmacological Action: Known for its anti-inflammatory, astringent, aphrodisiac, and
antimicrobial properties. It is used in treating diarrhea, dysentery, wounds, and respiratory
disorders. The gum (mochras) is used for its cooling and demulcent effects.
- Formulation: Used in Ayurvedic preparations like Shalmalyadi Taila and herbal
decoctions for digestive and respiratory health. The gum is also used in traditional remedies
for skin and reproductive health.
Rasa: Madhura , Amla
Guna: Snigdha , Laghu, Picchila
Virya: Sheeta
Vipaka: Madhura